- Beckett, K., & Herbert, S. (2012). Banished: The new social control in urban America. Oxford
University Press.- Chapter 4: Banishment and the Criminal Justice System
- Chriss, J. J. (2022). Social control: An introduction (2nd ed.). Polity Press.
- Chapter 5. Legal Control
- Chapter 8. Legal Control: Case Studies
- Lippman, M. (2024). Law and society (3rd ed.). SAGE.
- Chapter 8. Juries
- Chapter 9. Law and Social Control
Short answers for each question please don't write long paragraphs for no reason. It must be Cited And the page number must be included.
1. According to Chriss (2022), what is the difference between law and morality?
2. According to Chriss (2022), what are some of the important characteristics of England's common law that were adopted by the United States?
3. According to Chriss (2022), describe each of the four eras of policing in America.
4. According to Chriss (2022), explain what is meant by the term "net-widening".
5. According to Chriss (2022), what are the key factors that have led to "mass incarceration" in America?
6. Summarize the veil of darkness studies in Chriss (2022) that have been used to attempt to measure the extent to which police officers may engage in racial profiling. Is it a good approach for understanding the prevalence of racial profiling. Why or why not?
7. Explain the four reasons why people obey the law according to Lawrence Friedman in Lippman (2024).
8. According to Lippman (2024), identify and explain the three main functions of punishment.
9. According to Lippman (2024), what are the various types of criminal penalties in the United States?
10. What is the difference between general deterrence and specific deterrence?
11. Explain both sides of the debate surrounding capital punishment according to Lippman (2024).
12. In regard to victimless crimes, explain John Stuart Mill's "harm principle" and criticisms of his argument.
13. What are "civil commitment laws" and what is their purpose?
14. What are some requirements in order for deterrence to be effective?
15. According to Lippman (2024), identify and briefly explain the key functions that criminal trials serve?
16. Explain the key findings from Kalven and Zeisel's research in "The American Jury" about differences in the decisions between judges and juries.
17. What is jury nullification?
18. According to Lippman (2024), what factors influence sentencing decisions?
19. What do we know about how juries make decisions?
20. What is the purpose of three strikes sentencing laws? Have they been effective?
21. Based on what you have read so far in Beckett and Herbert's (2012) book, make an argument for or against the use of loitering-with-intent laws, off-limit orders (SODA and SOAP), park exclusion orders, and the innovations to trespassing laws (i.e., giving police the authority to trespass citizens). This question is worth up to 5 points.